Backslash Commands

This section lists all supported backslash commands. Note that only a subset of the commands listed will be available at any time.

Alphabetical Command List

Table 44 lists all backslash commands in alphabetical order.

Table 44 Alphabetical List Of Commands

Command	Category	Description
!	Operator	Factorial operator
“A	Special Character	Uppercase ‘A’ with umlaut (Ä)
“a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with umlaut (ä)
“E	Special Character	Uppercase ‘E’ with umlaut (Ë)
“e	Special Character	Lowercase “e” with umlaut (ë)
“H	Special Character	Uppercase ‘H’ with umlaut (Ḧ)
“h	Special Character	Lowercase “h” with umlaut (ḧ)
“I	Special Character	Uppercase ‘I’ with umlaut (Ï)
“i	Special Character	Lowercase “i” with umlaut (ï)
“O	Special Character	Uppercase ‘O’ with umlaut (Ö)
“o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with umlaut (ӧ)
“t	Special Character	Lowercase “t” with umlaut (ẗ)
“U	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with umlaut (Ü)
“u	Special Character	Lowercase “u” with umlaut (ü)
“W	Special Character	Uppercase “W” with umlaut (Ẅ)
“w	Special Character	Lowercase “w” with umlaut (ẅ)
“X	Special Character	Uppercase “X” with umlaut (Ẍ)
“x	Special Character	Lowercase “x” with umlaut (ẍ)
“y	Special Character	Lowercase “y” with umlaut (ӱ)
‘A	Special Character	Uppercase “A” with acute (Á)
‘a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with acute (á)
‘C	Special Character	Uppercase “C” with acute (Ć)
‘c	Special Character	Lowercase “c” with acute (ć)
‘E	Special Character	Uppercase “E” with acute (É)
‘e	Special Character	Lowercase “e” with acute (é)
‘G	Special Character	Uppercase “G” with acute (Ǵ)
‘g	Special Character	Lowercase “g” with acute (ǵ)
‘I	Special Character	Uppercase “I” with acute (Í)
‘i	Special Character	Lowercase “i” with acute (í)
‘k	Special Character	Lowercase “k” with acute (ḱ)
‘M	Special Character	Uppercase “M” with acute (Ḿ)
‘m	Special Character	Lowercase “m” with acute (ḿ)
‘O	Special Character	Uppercase “O” with acute (Ó)
‘o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with acute (ó)
‘P	Special Character	Uppercase “P” with acute (Ṕ)
‘p	Special Character	Lowercase “p” with acute (ṕ)
‘U	Special Character	Uppercase “U” with acute (Ú)
‘u	Special Character	Lowercase “u” with acute (ú)
‘W	Special Character	Uppercase “W” with acute (Ẃ)
‘w	Special Character	Lowercase “w” with acute (ẃ)
‘Y	Special Character	Uppercase “Y” with acute (Ý)
‘y	Special Character	Lowercase “y” with acute (ý)
(	Operator	Parenthesis grouping operator.
*	Operator	Multiplication operator. Multiplies two values
**	Operator	Power operator
+	Operator	Addition operator.
-	Operator	Subtraction operator. Subtracts two values. You can also use this operator to perform set relative complement or set difference operations.
.A	Special Character	Uppercase “A” with dot above (Ȧ)
.a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with dot above (ȧ)
.B	Special Character	Uppercase “B” with dot above (Ḃ)
.b	Special Character	Lowercase “b” with dot above (ḃ)
.C	Special Character	Uppercase “C” with dot above (Ċ)
.c	Special Character	Lowercase “c” with dot above (ċ)
.D	Special Character	Uppercase “D” with dot above (Ḋ)
.d	Special Character	Lowercase “d” with dot above (ḋ)
.E	Special Character	Uppercase “E” with dot above (Ė)
.e	Special Character	Lowercase “e” with dot above (ė)
.F	Special Character	Uppercase “F” with dot above (Ḟ)
.f	Special Character	Lowercase “f” with dot above (ḟ)
.G	Special Character	Uppercase “G” with dot above (Ġ)
.g	Special Character	Lowercase “g” with dot above (ġ)
.H	Special Character	Uppercase “H” with dot above (Ḣ)
.h	Special Character	Lowercase “h” with dot above (ḣ)
.I	Special Character	Uppercase “I” with dot above (İ)
.M	Special Character	Uppercase “M” with dot above (Ṁ)
.m	Special Character	Lowercase “m” with dot above (ṁ)
.N	Special Character	Uppercase “N” with dot above (Ṅ)
.n	Special Character	Lowercase “n” with dot above (ṅ)
.O	Special Character	Uppercase “O” with dot above (Ȯ)
.o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with dot above (ȯ)
.P	Special Character	Uppercase “P” with dot above (Ṗ)
.p	Special Character	Lowercase “p” with dot above (ṗ)
.R	Special Character	Uppercase “R” with dot above (Ṙ)
.r	Special Character	Lowercase “r” with dot above (ṙ)
.S	Special Character	Uppercase “S” with dot above (Ṡ)
.s	Special Character	Lowercase “s” with dot above (ṡ)
.T	Special Character	Uppercase “T” with dot above (Ṫ)
.t	Special Character	Lowercase “t” with dot above (ṫ)
.W	Special Character	Uppercase “W” with dot above (Ẇ)
.w	Special Character	Lowercase “w” with dot above (ẇ)
.X	Special Character	Uppercase “X” with dot above (Ẋ)
.x	Special Character	Lowercase “x” with dot above (ẋ)
.Y	Special Character	Uppercase “Y” with dot above (Ẏ)
.y	Special Character	Lowercase “y” with dot above (ẏ)
.Z	Special Character	Uppercase “Z” with dot above (Ż)
.z	Special Character	Lowercase “z” with dot above (ż)
<	Operator	Less than relational operator.
=	Operator	Assignment operator and is equal to relational operator. Assign value to a variable, define a function, or compare two values.
=A	Special Character	Uppercase “A” with macron (Ā)
=a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with macron (ā)
=E	Special Character	Uppercase “E” with macron (Ē)
=e	Special Character	Lowercase “e” with macron (ē)
=G	Special Character	Uppercase “G” with macron (Ḡ)
=g	Special Character	Lowercase “g” with macron (ḡ)
=I	Special Character	Uppercase “I” with macron (Ī)
=l	Special Character	Lowercase “l” with macron (ī)
=O	Special Character	Uppercase “O” with macron (Ō)
=o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with macron (ō)
=U	Special Character	Uppercase “U” with macron (Ū)
=u	Special Character	Lowercase “u” with macron (ū)
>	Operator	Greater than relational operator.
[	Operator	Brackets grouping operator.
\	Special Character	Backslash
^	Operator	Power operator
^A	Special Character	Uppercase “A” with circumflex (Â)
^a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with circumflex (â)
^C	Special Character	Uppercase “C” with circumflex (Ĉ)
^c	Special Character	Lowercase “c” with circumflex (ĉ)
^E	Special Character	Uppercase “E” with circumflex (Ê)
^e	Special Character	Lowercase “e” with circumflex (ê)
^G	Special Character	Uppercase “G” with circumflex (Ĝ)
^g	Special Character	Lowercase “g” with circumflex (ĝ)
^H	Special Character	Uppercase “H” with circumflex (Ĥ)
^h	Special Character	Lowercase “h” with circumflex (ĥ)
^I	Special Character	Uppercase “I” with circumflex (Î)
^i	Special Character	Lowercase “i” with circumflex (î)
^J	Special Character	Uppercase “J” with circumflex (Ĵ)
^j	Special Character	Lowercase “j” with circumflex (ĵ)
^O	Special Character	Uppercase “O” with circumflex (Ô)
^o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with circumflex (ô)
^S	Special Character	Uppercase “S” with circumflex (Ŝ)
^s	Special Character	Lowercase “s” with circumflex (ŝ)
^U	Special Character	Uppercase “U” with circumflex (Û)
^u	Special Character	Lowercase “u” with circumflex (û)
^W	Special Character	Uppercase “W” with circumflex (Ŵ)
^w	Special Character	Lowercase “w” with circumflex (ŵ)
^Y	Special Character	Uppercase “Y” with circumflex (Ŷ)
^y	Special Character	Lowercase “y” with circumflex (ŷ)
^Z	Special Character	Uppercase “Z” with circumflex (Ẑ)
^z	Special Character	Lowercase “z” with circumflex (ẑ)
_	Operator	Subscripting operator, row & column
	Operator	Subscripting operator, single index
`A	Special Character	Uppercase “A” with grave (À)
`a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with grave (à)
`E	Special Character	Uppercase “E” with grave (È)
`e	Special Character	Lowercase “e” with grave (è)
`I	Special Character	Uppercase “I” with grave (Ì)
`i	Special Character	Lowercase “i” with grave (ì)
`K	Special Character	Uppercase “K” with grave (Ḱ)
`N	Special Character	Uppercase “N” with grave (Ǹ)
`n	Special Character	Lowercase “n” with grave (ǹ)
`O	Special Character	Uppercase “O” with grave (Ò)
`o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with grave (ò)
`U	Special Character	Uppercase “U” with grave (Ù)
`u	Special Character	Lowercase “u” with grave (ù)
`W	Special Character	Uppercase “W” with grave (Ẁ)
`w	Special Character	Lowercase “w” with grave (ẁ)
`Y	Special Character	Uppercase “Y” with grave (Ỳ)
`y	Special Character	Lowercase “y” with grave (ỳ)
{	Operator	Braces grouping operator.
	Operator	Define a compound statement or block.
~A	Special Character	Uppercase “A” with tilde (Ã)
~a	Special Character	Lowercase “a” with tilde (ã)
~I	Special Character	Uppercase “I” with tilde (Ĩ)
~i	Special Character	Lowercase “i” with tilde (ĩ)
~O	Special Character	Uppercase “O” with tilde (Õ)
~o	Special Character	Lowercase “o” with tilde (õ)
~V	Special Character	Uppercase “V” with tilde (Ṽ)
~v	Special Character	Lowercase “v” with tilde (ṽ)
~Y	Special Character	Uppercase “Y” with tilde (Ỹ)
~y	Special Character	Lowercase “y” with tilde (ỹ)
abs	Function	Absolute value, magnitude, determinant, and set cardinality
adjoint	Function	Performs a conjugate transpose of a matrix.
AE	Special Character	Uppercase ash (Æ)
ae	Special Character	Lowercase ash (æ)
aleph	Special Character	Hebrew character aleph (ℵ)
alignc	Formatting	Center text and other elements.
alignj	Formatting	Justify text.
alignl	Formatting	Left align text and other elements.
alignr	Formatting	Right align text and other elements.
Alpha	Greek Character	Greek uppercase alpha (Α)
alpha	Greek Character	Greek lowercase alpha (α)
alphabet	Function	Determine the unique members of a set, tuple, or matrix.
arccos	Function	Arccosine function
arccot	Function	Arccotangent function
arccsc	Function	Arccosecant function
arcosh	Function	Area hyperbolic cosine function
arcoth	Function	Area hyperbolic cotangent function
arcsch	Function	Area hyperbolic cosecant function
arcsec	Function	Arcsecant function
arcsin	Function	Arcsine function
arctan	Function	Arctangent function
arsech	Function	Area hyperbolic secant function
arsinh	Function	Area hyperbolic sine function
artanh	Function	Area hyperbolic tangent function
average	Function	Calculates the average of scalar values in the supplied list.
backslash	Special Character	Backslash
bc	Operator	Calculate a value based on a set of conditions.
bcfmt	Formatting	Modify a brace conditional operator
bD	Special Character	Uppercase ‘D’ with bar under (Ḏ)
bd	Special Character	Lowercase ‘d’ with bar under (ḏ)
bdock	Application	Show/hide the Block dock.
begin{array}	Operator	Insert a new matrix
Beta	Greek Character	Greek uppercase beta (Β)
beta	Greek Character	Greek lowercase beta (β)
betafn	Function	Beta function
beth	Special Character	Hebrew character beth (ב)
bf	Formatting	Boldface text
bfmt	Formatting	Change the block/paragraph format.
bgcolor	Formatting	Highlighting/Font background color
bigcap	Operator	N-ary disjoint union operator.
bigcup	Operator	N-ary union operator.
binomialc	Function	Calculates the binomial cumulative distribution function.
binomialp	Function	Calculates the binomial probability mass function
binomialv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in an binomial distribution.
bmdock	Application	Show/hide the Basic Math dock
bset	Special Value	Boolean type
cap	Operator	Set binary intersection operator.
cases	Operator	Calculate a value based on a set of conditions.
cauchyc	Function	Calculates the Cauchy cumulative distribution function
cauchyp	Function	Calculates the Cauchy probability density function.
cauchyq	Function	Calculates the Cauchy quantile function.
cauchyv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a Cauchy distribution.
cD	Special Character	Uppercase ‘D’ with cedilla (Ḑ)
cd	Special Character	Lowercase ‘d’ with cedilla (ḑ)
cdock	Application	Show/hide the Character dock
cE	Special Character	Uppercase ‘E’ with cedilla (Ȩ)
ce	Special Character	Lowercase ‘e’ with cedilla (ȩ)
ceil	Operator	Ceiling, next higher integer value
cfmt	Formatting	Change the character format.
cG	Special Character	Uppercase ‘G’ with cedilla (Ģ)
cg	Special Character	Lowercase ‘g’ with cedilla (ģ)
cH	Special Character	Uppercase ‘H’ with cedilla (Ḩ)
ch	Special Character	Lowercase ‘h’ with cedilla (ḩ)
Chi	Greek Character	Greek uppercase chi (Χ)
chi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase chi (χ)
chisquaredc	Function	Calculates the chi-squared cumulative distribution function.
chisquaredp	Function	Calculates the chi-squared distribution probability density function.
chisquaredq	Function	Calculates the chi-squared distribution quantile function.
chisquaredv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a chi-squared distribution.
cholesky	Function	Performs Cholesky decomposition (creating \(\mathbf{L} \times \mathbf{L} ^ H\))
circ	Operator	Calculates the Hadamard product of two matricies.
cK	Special Character	Uppercase ‘K’ with cedilla (Ķ)
ck	Special Character	Lowercase ‘k’ with cedilla (ķ)
cL	Special Character	Uppercase ‘L’ with cedilla (Ļ)
cl	Special Character	Lowercase ‘l’ with cedilla (ļ)
clrbkp	Debugging	Clears all breakpoints
cN	Special Character	Uppercase ‘N’ with cedilla (Ņ)
cn	Special Character	Lowercase ‘n’ with cedilla (ņ)
color	Formatting	Font color
condnum	Function	Calculates the approximate condition number of a matrix.
conj	Operator	Complex conjugate operator.
conjtran	Function	Performs a conjugate transpose of a matrix.
copyright	Special Character	Copyright (©)
cos	Function	Cosine function
cosh	Function	Hyperbolic cosine function
cot	Function	Cotangent function
coth	Function	Hyperbolic cotangent function
count	Function	Counts scalar values in the supplied list.
cprod	Operator	Cartesian product operator.
cpy	Application	Copy
cR	Special Character	Uppercase ‘R’ with cedilla (Ŗ)
cr	Special Character	Lowercase ‘r’ with cedilla (ŗ)
cS	Special Character	Uppercase ‘S’ with cedilla (Ş)
csc	Function	Cosecant function
csch	Function	Hyperbolic cosecant function
cs	Special Character	Lowercase ‘s’ with cedilla (ş)
cset	Special Value	Complex type
cT	Special Character	Uppercase ‘T’ with cedilla (Ţ)
ct	Special Character	Lowercase ‘t’ with cedilla (ţ)
cup	Operator	Set binary union operator.
cut	Application	Cut
dA	Special Character	Uppercase ‘A’ with dot below (Ạ)
da	Special Character	Lowercase ‘a’ with dot below (ạ)
dag	Special Character	Daggar (†)
daleth	Special Character	Hebrew character daleth (ד)
dB	Special Character	Uppercase ‘B’ with dot below (Ḅ)
db	Special Character	Lowercase ‘b’ with dot below (ḅ)
dct2	Function	Calculates the DCT, type 2, in one or two dimensions
dct3	Function	Calculates the DCT, type 3, in one or two dimensions
ddat	Special Character	Double dagger (‡)
dD	Special Character	Uppercase ‘D’ with dot below (Ḍ)
de	Special Character	Lowercase ‘e’ with dot below (ẹ)
Delta	Greek Character	Greek uppercase delta (Δ)
delta	Greek Character	Greek lowercase delta (δ)
dft	Function	Calculates the DFT in one or two dimensions
DH	Special Character	Futhark uppercase eth (Ð)
dh	Special Character	Futhark lowercase eth (ð)
diagent	Function	Returns a column matrix holding the diagnonal entries.
diagonal	Function	Returns a diagonal matrix using the supplied values.
dI	Special Character	Uppercase ‘I’ with dot below (Ị)
di	Special Character	Lowercase ‘i’ with dot below (ị)
Digamma	Greek Character	Greek uppercase digamma (Ϝ)
digamma	Special Character	Greek lowercase digamma (ϝ)
div	Operator	Division operator. Divides two values
dju	Operator	Disjoint union operator.
dK	Special Character	Uppercase ‘K’ with dot below (Ḳ)
dk	Special Character	Lowercase ‘k’ with dot below (ḳ)
dL	Special Character	Uppercase ‘L’ with dot below (Ḷ)
dl	Special Character	Lowercase ‘l’ with dot below (ḷ)
dM	Special Character	Uppercase ‘M’ with dot below (Ṃ)
dm	Special Character	Lowercase ‘m’ with dot below (ṃ)
dN	Special Character	Uppercase ‘N’ with dot below (Ṇ)
dn	Special Character	Lowercase ‘n’ with dot below (ṇ)
dO	Special Character	Uppercase ‘O’ with dot below (Ọ)
do	Special Character	Lowercase ‘o’ with dot below (ọ)
Downarrow	Special Character	Downward arrow (⇓)
downarrow	Special Character	Downward arrow (↓)
dR	Special Character	Uppercase ‘R’ with dot below (Ṛ)
dr	Special Character	Lowercase ‘r’ with dot below (ṛ)
dS	Special Character	Uppercase ‘S’ with dot below (Ṣ)
ds	Special Character	Lowercase ‘s’ with dot below (ṣ)
dT	Special Character	Uppercase ‘T’ with dot below (Ṭ)
dt	Special Character	Lowercase ‘t’ with dot below (ṭ)
dU	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with dot below (Ụ)
du	Special Character	Lowercase ‘u’ with dot below (ụ)
dV	Special Character	Uppercase ‘V’ with dot below (Ṿ)
dv	Special Character	Lowercase ‘v’ with dot below (ṿ)
dW	Special Character	Uppercase ‘W’ with dot below (Ẉ)
dw	Special Character	Lowercase ‘w’ with dot below (ẉ)
dY	Special Character	Uppercase ‘Y’ with dot below (Ỵ)
dy	Special Character	Lowercase ‘y’ with dot below (ỵ)
dZ	Special Character	Uppercase ‘Z’ with dot below (Ẓ)
dz	Special Character	Lowercase ‘z’ with dot below (ẓ)
d{H}	Special Character	Uppercase ‘H’ with dot below (Ḥ)
d{h}	Special Character	Lowercase ‘h’ with dot below (ḥ)
econst	Special Value	Special value e, 2.718…
eigenvectors	Function	Calculates eigenvectors, eigenvalues, and Schur decomposition.
elif	Control Flow	Else-if conditional operator.
else	Control Flow	Else conditional operator.
emptysetconst	Special Value	Special value null set
enorm	Function	Calculates the Euclidean norm of a matrix.
Epsilon	Greek Character	Greek uppercase epsilon (Ε)
epsilonconst	Special Value	Special value machine epsilon
epsilon	Greek Character	Greek lowercase epsilon (ε)
equilibrate	Function	Equilibrates a matrix.
erfc	Function	Complementary error function
erf	Function	Error function
erfinv	Function	Inverse error function
Eta	Greek Character	Greek uppercase eta (Η)
eta	Greek Character	Greek lowercase eta (η)
examples	Application	Open an example
exphtml	Application	Exports your program as a document in HTML format.
expimg	Application	Exports an element of your program as an image.
explatex	Application	Exports your program as a document in LaTeX format.
explib	Application	Exports your program as a dynamic library.
expobj	Application	Exports your program as a binary object.
exponentialc	Function	Calculates the exponential cumulative distribution function.
exponentialp	Function	Calculates the exponential probability density function.
exponentialq	Function	Calculates the exponential quantile function.
exponentialv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in an exponential distribution.
exppdf	Application	Exports your program as a document in PDF format.
fact	Operator	Factorial operator.
false	Special Value	Special value ‘false’
fclose	Application	Closes the current program file.
feedback	Application	Tell us how to make you more successful.
fileclose	Function	Closes an open file.
filedelete	Function	Deletes a file
fileexists	Function	Determines if a file exists.
fileopenread	Function	Opens a file for reading.
fileopenwrite	Function	Opens a file for reading and writing, content will be preserved.
fileopenwritetruncate	Function	Opens a file for reading and writing, destroying existing content.
filereadbyte	Function	Reads a single byte from a file.
filereadinteger	Function	Reads an integer from a file.
filereadreal	Function	Reads a real value from a file.
filereadstring	Function	Reads a string of text from a file.
fileseek	Function	Seeks to a specific location in a file.
filewritebyte	Function	Writes a single byte to a file.
filewriteinteger	Function	Writes an integer value to a file.
filewritereal	Function	Writes a real value to a file.
filewritestring	Function	Writes a string of text to a file.
find	Function	Finds a sub-tuple within a tuple. Also works for strings.
fliplr	Function	Flip a matrix from left to right, reversing column order.
flipud	Function	Flip a matrix from top to bottom, reversing row order.
floor	Operator	Floor, next lower integer value
fnew	Application	Creates a new program file
fn	Function	Define or use a function.
fopen	Application	Opens an existing program file.
forall	Operator	Iterate through sets, tuple, and matrix values.
foreach	Operator	Iterate through sets, tuple, and matrix values.
frac	Operator	Fraction (division) operator. Divides two values.
fsaveas	Application	Saves the current program under a new name.
fsave	Application	Saves the current program.
Gamma	Greek Character	Greek uppercase gamma (Γ)
gammac	Function	Calculates the gamma cumulative distribution function.
gammafn	Function	Gamma function
gamma	Greek Character	Greek lowercase gamma (γ)
gammap	Function	Calculates the gamma probability density function.
gammaq	Function	Calculates the gamma quantile function.
gammav	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a gamma distribution.
geometricc	Function	Calculates the geometric cumulative distribution function.
geometricp	Function	Calculates the geometric probability mass function.
geometricv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in an geometric distribution.
geq	Operator	Greater than or equal to relational operator.
getstarted	Application	Start here !
gimel	Special Character	Hebrew character gimel (ג)
gt	Operator	Greater than relational operator.
guillemotleft	Special Character	Left guillemet («)
guillemotright	Special Character	Right guillemet (»)
hadamard	Operator	Calculates the Hadamard product of two matricies.
hbar	Special Character	Planck’s contant symbol (ℏ)
hdock	Application	Show/hide the Home dock.
help	Application	Help
hessenberg	Function	Performs upper Hessenberg decomposition.
histogram	Function	Calculates the histogram of scalar values in the supplied list.
HO	Special Character	Uppercase ‘O’ with hungarumlaut (Ő)
Ho	Special Character	Lowercase ‘o’ with hungarumlaut (ő)
HU	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with hungarumlaut (Ű)
Hu	Special Character	Lowercase ‘u’ with hungarumlaut (ű)
ibkp	Debugging	Toggles an instruction breakpoint on/off.
idbool	Function	Generates a boolean identity matrix.
idcomp	Function	Generates a complex identity matrix.
idft	Function	Calculates the inverse DFT in one or two dimensions.
idint	Function	Generates an integer identity matrix.
idreal	Function	Generates a real identity matrix.
if	Control Flow	If conditional operator.
IJ	Special Character	Uppercase ‘ij’ digraph (IJ)
ij	Special Character	Lowercase ‘ij’ digraph (ij)
imgdock	Application	Show/hide the Image Format dock.
imgfmt	Formatting	Adjusts image size and orientation
im	Function	Imaginary portion of a value. Also supports matrices.
includegraphics	Formatting	Insert an image from a file.
infty	Special Value	Infinity, ∞
in	Operator	Element Of operator. Sets a variable type or determines if an element is contained in a set.
inorm	Function	Calculates the infinity-norm of a matrix.
insdock	Application	Show/hide the Insert dock.
inspect	Debugging	Inspect variable.
insplt	Formatting	Insert a plot or chart.
intersection	Operator	Set binary intersection operator
Iota	Greek Character	Greek uppercase iota (Ι)
iota	Greek Character	Greek lowercase iota (ι)
iset	Special Value	Integer type
ishermitian	Function	Returns true if a matrix is Hermitian
isnan	Function	Determines if a value is NaN.
isnormal	Function	Returns true if a matrix is normal
isshermitian	Function	Returns true if a matrix is skew Hermitian.
isssymmetric	Function	Returns true if a matrix is skew symmetric.
issymmetric	Function	Returns true if a matrix is symmetric.
it	Formatting	Italicize text
kA	Special Character	Uppercase ‘A’ with ogonek (Ą)
ka	Special Character	Lowercase ‘a’ with ogonek (ą)
Kappa	Greek Character	Greek uppercase kappa (Κ)
kappa	Greek Character	Greek lowercase kappa (κ)
kE	Special Character	Uppercase ‘E’ with ogonek (Ę)
ke	Special Character	Lowercase ‘e’ with ogonek (ę)
kI	Special Character	Uppercase ‘I’ with ogonek (Į)
ki	Special Character	Lowercase ‘i’ with ogonek (į)
kill	Debugging	Stop your program.
kronecker	Operator	Calculates the Kronecker product of two matricies.
kU	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with ogonek (Ų)
ku	Special Character	Lowercase ‘u’ with ogonek (ų)
kurtosis	Function	Calculates the kurtosis of scalar values in the supplied list.
L	Special Character	Uppercase ‘L’ with stroke (Ł)
Lambda	Greek Character	Greek uppercase lambda (Λ)
lambda	Greek Character	Greek lowercase lambda (λ)
lambertw	Function	Lambert W function
land	Operator	Logical AND operator.
lbicond	Operator	Logical biconditional operator.
lbrace	Operator	Braces grouping operator.
lceil	Operator	Ceiling, next higher integer value
lcond	Operator	Logical conditional operator.
ldock	Application	Show/hide the List dock
leastsq	Function	Determines least squares solutions to \(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{y}\) when A or y is over or under determined.
Leftarrow	Special Character	Left arrow (⇐)
leftarrow	Special Character	Left arrow (←)
Leftrightarrow	Special Character	Left, right arrow (⇔)
leftrightarrow	Special Character	Left, right arrow (↔)
leq	Operator	Less than or equal to relational operator.
lfloor	Operator	Floor, next lower integer value
lfmt	Formatting	Enable and modify list formatting of a paragraph.
lit	Special Value	Insert a literal
l	Special Character	Lowercase ‘l’ with stroke (ł)
lnfactorial	Function	Natural log of factorial function
lngamma	Function	Natural log of gamma function
ln	Function	Natural log function
loadaudio	Function	Loads audio into a tuple of row matrices.
loadbooleanmatrix	Function	Loads a boolean matrix from a CSV or binary file.
loadcomplexmatrix	Function	Loads a complex matrix from a CSV or binary file.
loadimage	Function	Loads an image into a tuple containing one matrix per channel.
loadintegermatrix	Function	Loads an integer matrix from a CSV or binary file.
loadrealmatrix	Function	Loads a real matrix from a CSV or binary file.
log	Function	Log base b function
lognormalc	Function	Calculates the log-normal cumulative distribution function.
lognormalp	Function	Calculates the log-normal probability density function.
lognormalq	Function	Calculates the log-normal quantile function.
lognormalv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a log-normal distribution.
lor	Operator	Logical OR operator.
lowergammainv	Function	Inverse lower gamma
lowergamma	Function	Lower incomplete gamma function
lq	Function	Performs LQ decomposition
lt	Operator	Less than relational operator.
lxor	Operator	Logical exclusive OR operator.
mathbb{B}	Special Value	Boolean type
mathbb{C}	Special Value	Complex type
mathbb{R}	Special Value	Real type
mathbb{Z}	Special Value	Integer type
matic	Formatting	Insert one or more columns into a matrix.
matir	Formatting	Insert one or more rows into a matrix.
matrc	Formatting	Remove a single column from from a matrix.
matrix	Formatting	Insert a new matrix
matrr	Formatting	Remove a single row from from a matrix.
max	Function	Calculates the maximum of scalar values in the supplied list.
mcomblr	Operator	Combines two matrices into a single matrix. Matrices are stacked left-to-right.
mcombtb	Operator	Combines two matrices into a single matrix. Matrices are stacked top-to-bottom.
median	Function	Calculates the median of scalar values in the supplied list.
mho	Special Character	mho/admittance symbol (℧)
min	Function	Calculates the minimum of scalar values in the supplied list.
minus	Operator	Unary minus operator. Multiplies a value by -1.
mode	Function	Calculates the mode of scalar values in the supplied list.
Mu	Greek Character	Greek uppercase mu (Μ)
mu	Greek Character	Greek lowercase mu (μ)
narydju	Operator	N-ary disjoint union operator.
naryunion	Operator	N-ary union operator.
ncols	Function	Determine the number of columns in a matrix.
neg	Operator	Unary not operator.
ne	Operator	Not equal to relational operator.
neq	Operator	Not equal to relational operator.
NG	Special Character	Uppercase eng (Ŋ)
ng	Special Character	Lowercase eng (ŋ)
ni	Operator	Set contains as member operator.
nint	Operator	Nearest integer, whole value closet to a given value
normalc	Function	Calculates the normal cumulative distribution function.
normalp	Function	Calculates the normal probability density function.
normalq	Function	Calculates the normal quantile function.
normalv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a normal distribution.
notin	Operator	Not element of set operator.
notni	Operator	Set contains as member operator.
nroot	Operator	N:super:th root operator
nrows	Function	Determine the number of rows in a matrix.
nsubseteq	Operator	Not subset operator.
nsubset	Operator	Not proper subset operator.
nsupseteq	Operator	Not superset operator.
nsupset	Operator	Not superset operator.
Nu	Greek Character	Greek uppercase nu (Ν)
nu	Greek Character	Greek lowercase nu (ν)
O	Special Character	Uppercase ‘O’ with slash (Ø)
odock	Application	Show/hide the Operator Format dock.
OE	Special Character	Uppercase ligature ‘oe’ (Œ)
oe	Special Character	Lowercase ligature ‘oe’ (œ)
ofmt	Formatting	Modify surrounding parenthesis or operator symbol
Omega	Greek Character	Greek uppercase omega (Ω)
omega	Greek Character	Greek lowercase omega (ω)
Omicron	Greek Character	Greek uppercase omicron (Ο)
omicron	Greek Character	Greek lowercase omicron (ο)
onorm	Function	Calculates the one-norm of a matrix.
o	Special Character	Lowercase ‘o’ with slash (ø)
otimes	Operator	Calculates the Kronecker product of two matricies.
overbar	Operator	Overbar not operator.
overline	Formatting	Overline text
P	Special Character	Pilcrow (¶)
pagebreak	Formatting	Insert a page break.
pause	Debugging	Pause your program.
pdock	Application	Show/hide the Page dock.
pfmt	Formatting	Change the page format.
pgamma	Function	Normalized lower gamma function
Phi	Greek Character	Greek uppercase phi (Φ)
phi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase phi (φ)
Pi	Greek Character	Greek uppercase pi (Π)
piconst	Special Value	Special value pi, 3.14…
pi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase pi (π)
playaudio	Function	Sends audio output to the computer’s audio output device.
pltfmt	Formatting	Formats a plot or chart.
plu	Function	Performs PLU decomposition.
plus	Operator	Unary plus operator. Multiplies a value by +1.
pnorm	Function	Calculates the p-norm of a matrix.
poissonc	Function	Calculates the Poisson cumulative distribution function.
poissonp	Function	Calculates the Poisson probability mass function.
poissonv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in an Poisson distribution.
pounds	Special Character	Pounds (£)
pow	Operator	Power operator
preferences	Application	Configure the application
Psi	Greek Character	Greek uppercase psi (Ψ)
psi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase psi (ψ)
pst	Application	Paste
qgamma	Function	Normalized upper gamma function
qr	Function	Performs QR decomposition
quit	Application	Quit
range1	Operator	Insert a range with an implied increment of 1
range	Operator	Insert a range with an explicit increment
rank	Function	Returns the matrix rank to within a given tolerance
rayleighc	Function	Calculates the Rayleigh cumulative distribution function
rayleighp	Function	Calculates the Rayleigh distribution probability density function
rayleighq	Function	Calculates the Rayleigh distribution quantile function
rayleighv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a Rayleigh distribution
rbrace	Operator	Braces grouping operator.
rceil	Operator	Ceiling, next higher integer value
redo	Application	Redo
re	Function	Real portion of a value. Also supports matrices.
rfloor	Operator	Floor, next lower integer value
Rho	Greek Character	Greek uppercase rho (Ρ)
rho	Greek Character	Greek lowercase rho (ρ)
Rightarrow	Special Character	Right arrow (⇒)
rightarrow	Special Character	Right arrow (→)
rint32	Function	Returns a 32-bit unsigned random integer
rint64	Function	Returns a 64-bit signed random integer
rset	Special Value	Real type
run	Debugging	Run your program
runtohere	Debugging	Run to the cursor
rU	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with ring (Ů)
ru	Special Character	Lowercase ‘u’ with ring (ů)
rw	Special Character	Lowercase ‘w’ with ring (ẘ)
ry	Special Character	Lowercase ‘y’ with ring (ẙ)
S	Special Character	Section (§)
saveaudio	Function	Saves audio samples to a file.
savebooleanmatrix	Function	Saves a boolean matrix to a CSV or binary file.
savecomplexmatrix	Function	Saves a complex matrix to a CSV or binary file.
saveimage	Function	Save an image to a file.
saveintegermatrix	Function	Saves an integer matrix to a CSV or binary file.
saverealmatrix	Function	Saves a real matrix to a CSV or binary file.
schur	Function	Performs Schur decomposition
sech	Function	Hyperbolic secant function
sec	Function	Secant function
selall	Application	Select All
setminus	Operator	Set difference operator.
set	Operator	Insert a set.
Sigma	Greek Character	Greek uppercase sigma (Σ)
sigma	Greek Character	Greek lowercase sigma (σ)
sinh	Function	Hyperbolic sine function
sin	Function	Sine function
sizeof	Operator	Determine the size of a matrix, set, or tuple.
solve	Operator	Solves \(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{y}\) for \(x\) given matrix \(A\) and \(y\)
sortr	Operator	Sorts any iterable type in reverse order.
sort	Operator	Sorts any iterable type.
sout	Formatting	Strikethrough text
split	Function	Splits a tuple into multiple smaller sections. Also works for strings.
sqcup	Operator	Disjoint union operator.
sqrt	Operator	Square root operator
SS	Special Character	Uppercase eszett (ẞ)
sskew	Function	Calculates the sample skew of scalar values in the supplied list.
ss	Special Character	Lowercase eszett (ß)
sstddev	Function	Calculates the sample standard deviation of scalar values in the supplied list.
stddev	Function	Calculates the standard deviation of scalar values in the supplied list.
step	Debugging	Perform the next operation, then stop.
sterling1fn	Function	Unsigned sterling number of the first kind
sterling2fn	Function	Sterling number of the second kind
subseteq	Operator	Subset operator.
subset	Operator	Proper subset operator.
sub	Formatting	subscript text
sum	Function	Calculates the sum of scalar values in the supplied list.
super	Formatting	Superscript text
supseteq	Operator	Superset operator.
supset	Operator	Proper superset operator.
svd	Function	Performs singular value decomposition
symdiff	Operator	Set symmetric difference operator.
systemtime	Function	Determines the system time in mSec.
tabclose	Application	Closes the current tab
tabnew	Application	Creates a new tab
tanh	Function	Hyperbolic tangent function
tan	Function	Tangent function
Tau	Greek Character	Greek uppercase tau (Τ)
tau	Greek Character	Greek lowercase tau (τ)
tcdock	Application	Show/hide the Table cell dock
tdock	Application	Show/hide the Table dock
textbf	Formatting	Boldface text
textexclaimdown	Special Character	Inverted exclamation point (¡)
textit	Formatting	Italicize text
textnormal	Formatting	Restore normal baseline
textquestiondown	Special Character	Inverted question mark (¿)
textsubscript	Formatting	Subscript text
textsuperscript	Formatting	Superscript text
textyen	Special Character	Yen (¥)
tfmt	Formatting	Change table style and settings.
TH	Special Character	Futhark uppercase thorn (Þ)
therefore	Operator	Therefore operator specifies the value of a compound statement.
Theta	Greek Character	Greek uppercase theta (Θ)
theta	Greek Character	Greek lowercase theta (θ)
th	Special Character	Futhark lowercase thorn (þ)
times	Operator	Cartesian product operator.
tostring	Function	Converts a scalar to a string representation
transpose	Operator	Performs a matrix transpose.
triangle	Operator	Set symmetric difference operator.
trng32	Function	Returns a 32-bit unsigned true random integer
trng64	Function	Returns a 64-bit signed true random integer
trngu	Function	Returns a true random uniform value over the range [0, 1]
true	Special Value	Special value ‘true’
tuple	Operator	Insert a tuple
uA	Special Character	Uppercase ‘A’ with breve (Ă)
ua	Special Character	Lowercase ‘a’ with breve (ă)
ucholesky	Function	Performs upper Cholesky decomposition (creating \(\mathbf{U} \times \mathbf{U} ^ H\))
uE	Special Character	Uppercase ‘E’ with breve (Ĕ)
ue	Special Character	Lowercase ‘e’ with breve (ĕ)
uG	Special Character	Uppercase ‘G’ with breve (Ğ)
ug	Special Character	Lowercase ‘g’ with breve (ğ)
uI	Special Character	Uppercase ‘I’ with breve (Ĭ)
ui	Special Character	Lowercase ‘i’ with breve (ĭ)
uline	Formatting	Underline text
ul	Formatting	Underline text
underline	Formatting	Underline text
undo	Application	Undo
uniformex	Function	Returns one or more uniform random numbers over the range (0, 1)
uniforminc	Function	Returns one or more uniform random numbers over the range [0, 1]
union	Operator	Set binary union operator.
uO	Special Character	Uppercase ‘O’ with breve (Ŏ)
uo	Special Character	Lowercase ‘o’ with breve (ŏ)
Uparrow	Special Character	Upward arrow (⇑)
uparrow	Special Character	Upward arrow (↑)
Updownarrow	Special Character	Up, down arrow (⇕)
updownarrow	Special Character	Up, down arrow (↕)
uppergamma	Function	Upper incomplete gamma function
Upsilon	Greek Character	Greek uppercase upsilon (Υ)
upsilon	Greek Character	Greek lowercase upsilon (υ)
uU	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with breve (Ŭ)
uu	Special Character	Lowercase ‘u’ with breve (ŭ)
variance	Function	Calculates the variance of scalar values in the supplied list.
varkappa	Greek Character	Greek lowercase kappa (ϰ)
varnothing	Special Value	Special value null set
varphi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase phi (φ)
varpi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase pi (ϖ)
varsigma	Greek Character	Greek lowercase sigma (ς)
vartheta	Greek Character	Greek lowercase theta (ϑ)
var	Operator	Insert a variable
vC	Special Character	Uppercase ‘C’ with caron (Č)
vc	Special Character	Lowercase ‘c’ with caron (č)
vD	Special Character	Uppercase ‘D’ with caron (Ď)
veebar	Operator	Logical exclusive OR operator.
vE	Special Character	Uppercase ‘E’ with caron (Ě)
ve	Special Character	Lowercase ‘e’ with caron (ě)
vfdock	Application	Show/hide the Value Field Format dock.
vffmt	Formatting	Adjusts the presentation of numerical values.
vf	Formatting	Insert a field that displays the value of a variable.
vG	Special Character	Uppercase ‘G’ with caron (Ǧ)
vg	Special Character	Lowercase ‘g’ with caron (ǧ)
vH	Special Character	Uppercase ‘H’ with caron (Ȟ)
vh	Special Character	Lowercase ‘h’ with caron (ȟ)
vK	Special Character	Uppercase ‘K’ with caron (Ǩ)
vk	Special Character	Lowercase ‘k’ with caron (ǩ)
vO	Special Character	Uppercase ‘O’ with caron (Ǒ)
vo	Special Character	Lowercase ‘o’ with caron (ǒ)
vR	Special Character	Uppercase ‘R’ with caron (Ř)
vr	Special Character	Lowercase ‘r’ with caron (ř)
vS	Special Character	Uppercase ‘S’ with caron (Š)
vs	Special Character	Lowercase ‘s’ with caron (š)
vT	Special Character	Uppercase ‘T’ with caron (Ť)
vU	Special Character	Uppercase ‘U’ with caron (Ǔ)
vu	Special Character	Lowercase ‘u’ with caron (ǔ)
vZ	Special Character	Uppercase ‘Z’ with caron (Ž)
vz	Special Character	Lowercase ‘z’ with caron (ž)
wclose	Application	Closes this window
weibullc	Function	Calculates the Weibull cumulative distribution function.
weibullp	Function	Calculates the Weibull probability density function.
weibullq	Function	Calculates the Weibull quantile function
weibullv	Function	Returns one or more random numbers in a Weibull distribution.
while	Control Flow	Iterate while a condition is met.
wnew	Application	Creates a new window
xcolor	Formatting	Font color
Xi	Greek Character	Greek uppercase xi (Ξ)
xi	Greek Character	Greek lowercase xi (ξ)
zbool	Function	Generates a boolean zero matrix (all values false)
zcomp	Function	Generates a complex zero matrix
Zeta	Greek Character	Greek uppercase zeta (Ζ)
zetafn	Function	Reimann Zeta function
zeta	Greek Character	Greek lowercase zeta (ζ)
zint	Function	Generates an integer zero matrix
zreal	Function	Generates a real zero matrix

Application Commands

Table 45 lists all application commands.

Table 45 Application Commands

Command	Description
bdock	Show/hide the Block dock.
bmdock	Show/hide the Basic Math dock
cdock	Show/hide the Character dock
cpy	Copy
cut	Cut
examples	Open an example
exphtml	Exports your program as a document in HTML format.
expimg	Exports an element of your program as an image.
explatex	Exports your program as a document in LaTeX format.
explib	Exports your program as a dynamic library.
expobj	Exports your program as a binary object.
exppdf	Exports your program as a document in PDF format.
fclose	Closes the current program file.
feedback	Tell us how to make you more successful.
fnew	Creates a new program file
fopen	Opens an existing program file.
fsaveas	Saves the current program under a new name.
fsave	Saves the current program.
getstarted	Start here !
hdock	Show/hide the Home dock.
help	Help
imgdock	Show/hide the Image Format dock.
insdock	Show/hide the Insert dock.
ldock	Show/hide the List dock
odock	Show/hide the Operator Format dock.
pdock	Show/hide the Page dock.
preferences	Configure the application
pst	Paste
quit	Quit
redo	Redo
selall	Select All
tabclose	Closes the current tab
tabnew	Creates a new tab
tcdock	Show/hide the Table cell dock
tdock	Show/hide the Table dock
undo	Undo
vfdock	Show/hide the Value Field Format dock.
wclose	Closes this window
wnew	Creates a new window

Control Flow Commands

Table 46 lists all control flow commands.

Table 46 Control Flow Commands

Command	Description
elif	Else-if conditional operator.
else	Else conditional operator.
if	If conditional operator.
while	Iterate while a condition is met.

Debugging Commands

Table 47 lists all debugging commands.

Table 47 Debugging Commands

Command	Description
clrbkp	Clears all breakpoints
ibkp	Toggles an instruction breakpoint on/off.
inspect	Inspect variable.
kill	Stop your program.
pause	Pause your program.
run	Run your program
runtohere	Run to the cursor
step	Perform the next operation, then stop.

Formatting Commands

Table 48 lists all formatting commands.

Table 48 Formatting Commands

Command	Description
alignc	Center text and other elements.
alignj	Justify text.
alignl	Left align text and other elements.
alignr	Right align text and other elements.
bcfmt	Modify a brace conditional operator
bf	Boldface text
bfmt	Change the block/paragraph format.
bgcolor	Highlighting/Font background color
cfmt	Change the character format.
color	Font color
imgfmt	Adjusts image size and orientation
includegraphics	Insert an image from a file.
insplt	Insert a plot or chart.
it	Italicize text
lfmt	Enable and modify list formatting of a paragraph.
matic	Insert one or more columns into a matrix.
matir	Insert one or more rows into a matrix.
matrc	Remove a single column from from a matrix.
matrix	Insert a new matrix
matrr	Remove a single row from from a matrix.
ofmt	Modify surrounding parenthesis or operator symbol
overline	Overline text
pagebreak	Insert a page break.
pfmt	Change the page format.
pltfmt	Formats a plot or chart.
sout	Strikethrough text
sub	subscript text
super	Superscript text
textbf	Boldface text
textit	Italicize text
textnormal	Restore normal baseline
textsubscript	Subscript text
textsuperscript	Superscript text
tfmt	Change table style and settings.
uline	Underline text
ul	Underline text
underline	Underline text
vffmt	Adjusts the presentation of numerical values.
vf	Insert a field that displays the value of a variable.
xcolor	Font color

Function Commands

Table 49 lists all function commands.

Table 49 Function Commands

Command	Description
abs	Absolute value, magnitude, determinant, and set cardinality
adjoint	Performs a conjugate transpose of a matrix.
alphabet	Determine the unique members of a set, tuple, or matrix.
arccos	Arccosine function
arccot	Arccotangent function
arccsc	Arccosecant function
arcosh	Area hyperbolic cosine function
arcoth	Area hyperbolic cotangent function
arcsch	Area hyperbolic cosecant function
arcsec	Arcsecant function
arcsin	Arcsine function
arctan	Arctangent function
arsech	Area hyperbolic secant function
arsinh	Area hyperbolic sine function
artanh	Area hyperbolic tangent function
average	Calculates the average of scalar values in the supplied list.
betafn	Beta function
binomialc	Calculates the binomial cumulative distribution function.
binomialp	Calculates the binomial probability mass function
binomialv	Returns one or more random numbers in an binomial distribution.
cauchyc	Calculates the Cauchy cumulative distribution function
cauchyp	Calculates the Cauchy probability density function.
cauchyq	Calculates the Cauchy quantile function.
cauchyv	Returns one or more random numbers in a Cauchy distribution.
chisquaredc	Calculates the chi-squared cumulative distribution function.
chisquaredp	Calculates the chi-squared distribution probability density function.
chisquaredq	Calculates the chi-squared distribution quantile function.
chisquaredv	Returns one or more random numbers in a chi-squared distribution.
cholesky	Performs Cholesky decomposition (creating \(\mathbf{L} \times \mathbf{L} ^ H\))
condnum	Calculates the approximate condition number of a matrix.
conjtran	Performs a conjugate transpose of a matrix.
cos	Cosine function
cosh	Hyperbolic cosine function
cot	Cotangent function
coth	Hyperbolic cotangent function
count	Counts scalar values in the supplied list.
csc	Cosecant function
csch	Hyperbolic cosecant function
dct2	Calculates the DCT, type 2, in one or two dimensions
dct3	Calculates the DCT, type 3, in one or two dimensions
dft	Calculates the DFT in one or two dimensions
diagent	Returns a column matrix holding the diagnonal entries.
diagonal	Returns a diagonal matrix using the supplied values.
eigenvectors	Calculates eigenvectors, eigenvalues, and Schur decomposition.
enorm	Calculates the Euclidean norm of a matrix.
equilibrate	Equilibrates a matrix.
erfc	Complementary error function
erf	Error function
erfinv	Inverse error function
exponentialc	Calculates the exponential cumulative distribution function.
exponentialp	Calculates the exponential probability density function.
exponentialq	Calculates the exponential quantile function.
exponentialv	Returns one or more random numbers in an exponential distribution.
fileclose	Closes an open file.
filedelete	Deletes a file
fileexists	Determines if a file exists.
fileopenread	Opens a file for reading.
fileopenwrite	Opens a file for reading and writing, content will be preserved.
fileopenwritetruncate	Opens a file for reading and writing, destroying existing content.
filereadbyte	Reads a single byte from a file.
filereadinteger	Reads an integer from a file.
filereadreal	Reads a real value from a file.
filereadstring	Reads a string of text from a file.
fileseek	Seeks to a specific location in a file.
filewritebyte	Writes a single byte to a file.
filewriteinteger	Writes an integer value to a file.
filewritereal	Writes a real value to a file.
filewritestring	Writes a string of text to a file.
find	Finds a sub-tuple within a tuple. Also works for strings.
fliplr	Flip a matrix from left to right, reversing column order.
flipud	Flip a matrix from top to bottom, reversing row order.
fn	Define or use a function.
gammac	Calculates the gamma cumulative distribution function.
gammafn	Gamma function
gammap	Calculates the gamma probability density function.
gammaq	Calculates the gamma quantile function.
gammav	Returns one or more random numbers in a gamma distribution.
geometricc	Calculates the geometric cumulative distribution function.
geometricp	Calculates the geometric probability mass function.
geometricv	Returns one or more random numbers in an geometric distribution.
hessenberg	Performs upper Hessenberg decomposition.
histogram	Calculates the histogram of scalar values in the supplied list.
idbool	Generates a boolean identity matrix.
idcomp	Generates a complex identity matrix.
idft	Calculates the inverse DFT in one or two dimensions.
idint	Generates an integer identity matrix.
idreal	Generates a real identity matrix.
im	Imaginary portion of a value. Also supports matrices.
inorm	Calculates the infinity-norm of a matrix.
ishermitian	Returns true if a matrix is Hermitian
isnan	Determines if a value is NaN.
isnormal	Returns true if a matrix is normal
isshermitian	Returns true if a matrix is skew Hermitian.
isssymmetric	Returns true if a matrix is skew symmetric.
issymmetric	Returns true if a matrix is symmetric.
kurtosis	Calculates the kurtosis of scalar values in the supplied list.
lambertw	Lambert W function
leastsq	Determines least squares solutions to \(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{y}\) when A or y is over or under determined.
lnfactorial	Natural log of factorial function
lngamma	Natural log of gamma function
ln	Natural log function
loadaudio	Loads audio into a tuple of row matrices.
loadbooleanmatrix	Loads a boolean matrix from a CSV or binary file.
loadcomplexmatrix	Loads a complex matrix from a CSV or binary file.
loadimage	Loads an image into a tuple containing one matrix per channel.
loadintegermatrix	Loads an integer matrix from a CSV or binary file.
loadrealmatrix	Loads a real matrix from a CSV or binary file.
log	Log base b function
lognormalc	Calculates the log-normal cumulative distribution function.
lognormalp	Calculates the log-normal probability density function.
lognormalq	Calculates the log-normal quantile function.
lognormalv	Returns one or more random numbers in a log-normal distribution.
lowergammainv	Inverse lower gamma
lowergamma	Lower incomplete gamma function
lq	Performs LQ decomposition
max	Calculates the maximum of scalar values in the supplied list.
median	Calculates the median of scalar values in the supplied list.
min	Calculates the minimum of scalar values in the supplied list.
mode	Calculates the mode of scalar values in the supplied list.
ncols	Determine the number of columns in a matrix.
normalc	Calculates the normal cumulative distribution function.
normalp	Calculates the normal probability density function.
normalq	Calculates the normal quantile function.
normalv	Returns one or more random numbers in a normal distribution.
nrows	Determine the number of rows in a matrix.
onorm	Calculates the one-norm of a matrix.
pgamma	Normalized lower gamma function
playaudio	Sends audio output to the computer’s audio output device.
plu	Performs PLU decomposition.
pnorm	Calculates the p-norm of a matrix.
poissonc	Calculates the Poisson cumulative distribution function.
poissonp	Calculates the Poisson probability mass function.
poissonv	Returns one or more random numbers in an Poisson distribution.
qgamma	Normalized upper gamma function
qr	Performs QR decomposition
rank	Returns the matrix rank to within a given tolerance
rayleighc	Calculates the Rayleigh cumulative distribution function
rayleighp	Calculates the Rayleigh distribution probability density function
rayleighq	Calculates the Rayleigh distribution quantile function
rayleighv	Returns one or more random numbers in a Rayleigh distribution
re	Real portion of a value. Also supports matrices.
rint32	Returns a 32-bit unsigned random integer
rint64	Returns a 64-bit signed random integer
saveaudio	Saves audio samples to a file.
savebooleanmatrix	Saves a boolean matrix to a CSV or binary file.
savecomplexmatrix	Saves a complex matrix to a CSV or binary file.
saveimage	Save an image to a file.
saveintegermatrix	Saves an integer matrix to a CSV or binary file.
saverealmatrix	Saves a real matrix to a CSV or binary file.
schur	Performs Schur decomposition
sech	Hyperbolic secant function
sec	Secant function
sinh	Hyperbolic sine function
sin	Sine function
split	Splits a tuple into multiple smaller sections. Also works for strings.
sskew	Calculates the sample skew of scalar values in the supplied list.
sstddev	Calculates the sample standard deviation of scalar values in the supplied list.
stddev	Calculates the standard deviation of scalar values in the supplied list.
sterling1fn	Unsigned sterling number of the first kind
sterling2fn	Sterling number of the second kind
sum	Calculates the sum of scalar values in the supplied list.
svd	Performs singular value decomposition
systemtime	Determines the system time in mSec.
tanh	Hyperbolic tangent function
tan	Tangent function
tostring	Converts a scalar to a string representation
trng32	Returns a 32-bit unsigned true random integer
trng64	Returns a 64-bit signed true random integer
trngu	Returns a true random uniform value over the range [0, 1]
ucholesky	Performs upper Cholesky decomposition (creating \(\mathbf{U} \times \mathbf{U} ^ H\))
uniformex	Returns one or more uniform random numbers over the range (0, 1)
uniforminc	Returns one or more uniform random numbers over the range [0, 1]
uppergamma	Upper incomplete gamma function
variance	Calculates the variance of scalar values in the supplied list.
weibullc	Calculates the Weibull cumulative distribution function.
weibullp	Calculates the Weibull probability density function.
weibullq	Calculates the Weibull quantile function
weibullv	Returns one or more random numbers in a Weibull distribution.
zbool	Generates a boolean zero matrix (all values false)
zcomp	Generates a complex zero matrix
zetafn	Reimann Zeta function
zint	Generates an integer zero matrix
zreal	Generates a real zero matrix

Greek Character Commands

Table 50 lists all greek character commands.

Table 50 Greek Character Commands

Command	Description
Alpha	Greek uppercase alpha (Α)
alpha	Greek lowercase alpha (α)
Beta	Greek uppercase beta (Β)
beta	Greek lowercase beta (β)
Chi	Greek uppercase chi (Χ)
chi	Greek lowercase chi (χ)
Delta	Greek uppercase delta (Δ)
delta	Greek lowercase delta (δ)
Digamma	Greek uppercase digamma (Ϝ)
Epsilon	Greek uppercase epsilon (Ε)
epsilon	Greek lowercase epsilon (ε)
Eta	Greek uppercase eta (Η)
eta	Greek lowercase eta (η)
Gamma	Greek uppercase gamma (Γ)
gamma	Greek lowercase gamma (γ)
Iota	Greek uppercase iota (Ι)
iota	Greek lowercase iota (ι)
Kappa	Greek uppercase kappa (Κ)
kappa	Greek lowercase kappa (κ)
Lambda	Greek uppercase lambda (Λ)
lambda	Greek lowercase lambda (λ)
Mu	Greek uppercase mu (Μ)
mu	Greek lowercase mu (μ)
Nu	Greek uppercase nu (Ν)
nu	Greek lowercase nu (ν)
Omega	Greek uppercase omega (Ω)
omega	Greek lowercase omega (ω)
Omicron	Greek uppercase omicron (Ο)
omicron	Greek lowercase omicron (ο)
Phi	Greek uppercase phi (Φ)
phi	Greek lowercase phi (φ)
Pi	Greek uppercase pi (Π)
pi	Greek lowercase pi (π)
Psi	Greek uppercase psi (Ψ)
psi	Greek lowercase psi (ψ)
Rho	Greek uppercase rho (Ρ)
rho	Greek lowercase rho (ρ)
Sigma	Greek uppercase sigma (Σ)
sigma	Greek lowercase sigma (σ)
Tau	Greek uppercase tau (Τ)
tau	Greek lowercase tau (τ)
Theta	Greek uppercase theta (Θ)
theta	Greek lowercase theta (θ)
Upsilon	Greek uppercase upsilon (Υ)
upsilon	Greek lowercase upsilon (υ)
varkappa	Greek lowercase kappa (ϰ)
varphi	Greek lowercase phi (φ)
varpi	Greek lowercase pi (ϖ)
varsigma	Greek lowercase sigma (ς)
vartheta	Greek lowercase theta (ϑ)
Xi	Greek uppercase xi (Ξ)
xi	Greek lowercase xi (ξ)
Zeta	Greek uppercase zeta (Ζ)
zeta	Greek lowercase zeta (ζ)

Operator Commands

Table 51 lists all operator commands.

Table 51 Operator Commands

Command	Description
!	Factorial operator
(	Parenthesis grouping operator.
*	Multiplication operator. Multiplies two values
**	Power operator
+	Addition operator.
-	Subtraction operator. Subtracts two values. You can also use this operator to perform set relative complement or set difference operations.
<	Less than relational operator.
=	Assignment operator and is equal to relational operator. Assign value to a variable, define a function, or compare two values.
>	Greater than relational operator.
[	Brackets grouping operator.
^	Power operator
_	Subscripting operator, row & column
	Subscripting operator, single index
{	Braces grouping operator.
	Define a compound statement or block.
bc	Calculate a value based on a set of conditions.
begin{array}	Insert a new matrix
bigcap	N-ary disjoint union operator.
bigcup	N-ary union operator.
cap	Set binary intersection operator.
cases	Calculate a value based on a set of conditions.
ceil	Ceiling, next higher integer value
circ	Calculates the Hadamard product of two matricies.
conj	Complex conjugate operator.
cprod	Cartesian product operator.
cup	Set binary union operator.
div	Division operator. Divides two values
dju	Disjoint union operator.
fact	Factorial operator.
floor	Floor, next lower integer value
forall	Iterate through sets, tuple, and matrix values.
foreach	Iterate through sets, tuple, and matrix values.
frac	Fraction (division) operator. Divides two values.
geq	Greater than or equal to relational operator.
gt	Greater than relational operator.
hadamard	Calculates the Hadamard product of two matricies.
in	Element Of operator. Sets a variable type or determines if an element is contained in a set.
intersection	Set binary intersection operator
kronecker	Calculates the Kronecker product of two matricies.
land	Logical AND operator.
lbicond	Logical biconditional operator.
lbrace	Braces grouping operator.
lceil	Ceiling, next higher integer value
lcond	Logical conditional operator.
leq	Less than or equal to relational operator.
lfloor	Floor, next lower integer value
lor	Logical OR operator.
lt	Less than relational operator.
lxor	Logical exclusive OR operator.
mcomblr	Combines two matrices into a single matrix. Matrices are stacked left-to-right.
mcombtb	Combines two matrices into a single matrix. Matrices are stacked top-to-bottom.
minus	Unary minus operator. Multiplies a value by -1.
narydju	N-ary disjoint union operator.
naryunion	N-ary union operator.
neg	Unary not operator.
ne	Not equal to relational operator.
neq	Not equal to relational operator.
ni	Set contains as member operator.
nint	Nearest integer, whole value closet to a given value
notin	Not element of set operator.
notni	Set contains as member operator.
nroot	N:super:th root operator
nsubseteq	Not subset operator.
nsubset	Not proper subset operator.
nsupseteq	Not superset operator.
nsupset	Not superset operator.
otimes	Calculates the Kronecker product of two matricies.
overbar	Overbar not operator.
plus	Unary plus operator. Multiplies a value by +1.
pow	Power operator
range1	Insert a range with an implied increment of 1
range	Insert a range with an explicit increment
rbrace	Braces grouping operator.
rceil	Ceiling, next higher integer value
rfloor	Floor, next lower integer value
setminus	Set difference operator.
set	Insert a set.
sizeof	Determine the size of a matrix, set, or tuple.
solve	Solves \(\mathbf{A}\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{y}\) for \(x\) given matrix \(A\) and \(y\)
sortr	Sorts any iterable type in reverse order.
sort	Sorts any iterable type.
sqcup	Disjoint union operator.
sqrt	Square root operator
subseteq	Subset operator.
subset	Proper subset operator.
supseteq	Superset operator.
supset	Proper superset operator.
symdiff	Set symmetric difference operator.
therefore	Therefore operator specifies the value of a compound statement.
times	Cartesian product operator.
transpose	Performs a matrix transpose.
triangle	Set symmetric difference operator.
tuple	Insert a tuple
union	Set binary union operator.
var	Insert a variable
veebar	Logical exclusive OR operator.

Special Character Commands

Table 52 lists all special character commands.

Table 52 Special Character Commands

Command	Description
“A	Uppercase ‘A’ with umlaut (Ä)
“a	Lowercase “a” with umlaut (ä)
“E	Uppercase ‘E’ with umlaut (Ë)
“e	Lowercase “e” with umlaut (ë)
“H	Uppercase ‘H’ with umlaut (Ḧ)
“h	Lowercase “h” with umlaut (ḧ)
“I	Uppercase ‘I’ with umlaut (Ï)
“i	Lowercase “i” with umlaut (ï)
“O	Uppercase ‘O’ with umlaut (Ö)
“o	Lowercase “o” with umlaut (ӧ)
“t	Lowercase “t” with umlaut (ẗ)
“U	Uppercase ‘U’ with umlaut (Ü)
“u	Lowercase “u” with umlaut (ü)
“W	Uppercase “W” with umlaut (Ẅ)
“w	Lowercase “w” with umlaut (ẅ)
“X	Uppercase “X” with umlaut (Ẍ)
“x	Lowercase “x” with umlaut (ẍ)
“y	Lowercase “y” with umlaut (ӱ)
‘A	Uppercase “A” with acute (Á)
‘a	Lowercase “a” with acute (á)
‘C	Uppercase “C” with acute (Ć)
‘c	Lowercase “c” with acute (ć)
‘E	Uppercase “E” with acute (É)
‘e	Lowercase “e” with acute (é)
‘G	Uppercase “G” with acute (Ǵ)
‘g	Lowercase “g” with acute (ǵ)
‘I	Uppercase “I” with acute (Í)
‘i	Lowercase “i” with acute (í)
‘k	Lowercase “k” with acute (ḱ)
‘M	Uppercase “M” with acute (Ḿ)
‘m	Lowercase “m” with acute (ḿ)
‘O	Uppercase “O” with acute (Ó)
‘o	Lowercase “o” with acute (ó)
‘P	Uppercase “P” with acute (Ṕ)
‘p	Lowercase “p” with acute (ṕ)
‘U	Uppercase “U” with acute (Ú)
‘u	Lowercase “u” with acute (ú)
‘W	Uppercase “W” with acute (Ẃ)
‘w	Lowercase “w” with acute (ẃ)
‘Y	Uppercase “Y” with acute (Ý)
‘y	Lowercase “y” with acute (ý)
.A	Uppercase “A” with dot above (Ȧ)
.a	Lowercase “a” with dot above (ȧ)
.B	Uppercase “B” with dot above (Ḃ)
.b	Lowercase “b” with dot above (ḃ)
.C	Uppercase “C” with dot above (Ċ)
.c	Lowercase “c” with dot above (ċ)
.D	Uppercase “D” with dot above (Ḋ)
.d	Lowercase “d” with dot above (ḋ)
.E	Uppercase “E” with dot above (Ė)
.e	Lowercase “e” with dot above (ė)
.F	Uppercase “F” with dot above (Ḟ)
.f	Lowercase “f” with dot above (ḟ)
.G	Uppercase “G” with dot above (Ġ)
.g	Lowercase “g” with dot above (ġ)
.H	Uppercase “H” with dot above (Ḣ)
.h	Lowercase “h” with dot above (ḣ)
.I	Uppercase “I” with dot above (İ)
.M	Uppercase “M” with dot above (Ṁ)
.m	Lowercase “m” with dot above (ṁ)
.N	Uppercase “N” with dot above (Ṅ)
.n	Lowercase “n” with dot above (ṅ)
.O	Uppercase “O” with dot above (Ȯ)
.o	Lowercase “o” with dot above (ȯ)
.P	Uppercase “P” with dot above (Ṗ)
.p	Lowercase “p” with dot above (ṗ)
.R	Uppercase “R” with dot above (Ṙ)
.r	Lowercase “r” with dot above (ṙ)
.S	Uppercase “S” with dot above (Ṡ)
.s	Lowercase “s” with dot above (ṡ)
.T	Uppercase “T” with dot above (Ṫ)
.t	Lowercase “t” with dot above (ṫ)
.W	Uppercase “W” with dot above (Ẇ)
.w	Lowercase “w” with dot above (ẇ)
.X	Uppercase “X” with dot above (Ẋ)
.x	Lowercase “x” with dot above (ẋ)
.Y	Uppercase “Y” with dot above (Ẏ)
.y	Lowercase “y” with dot above (ẏ)
.Z	Uppercase “Z” with dot above (Ż)
.z	Lowercase “z” with dot above (ż)
=A	Uppercase “A” with macron (Ā)
=a	Lowercase “a” with macron (ā)
=E	Uppercase “E” with macron (Ē)
=e	Lowercase “e” with macron (ē)
=G	Uppercase “G” with macron (Ḡ)
=g	Lowercase “g” with macron (ḡ)
=I	Uppercase “I” with macron (Ī)
=l	Lowercase “l” with macron (ī)
=O	Uppercase “O” with macron (Ō)
=o	Lowercase “o” with macron (ō)
=U	Uppercase “U” with macron (Ū)
=u	Lowercase “u” with macron (ū)
\	Backslash
^A	Uppercase “A” with circumflex (Â)
^a	Lowercase “a” with circumflex (â)
^C	Uppercase “C” with circumflex (Ĉ)
^c	Lowercase “c” with circumflex (ĉ)
^E	Uppercase “E” with circumflex (Ê)
^e	Lowercase “e” with circumflex (ê)
^G	Uppercase “G” with circumflex (Ĝ)
^g	Lowercase “g” with circumflex (ĝ)
^H	Uppercase “H” with circumflex (Ĥ)
^h	Lowercase “h” with circumflex (ĥ)
^I	Uppercase “I” with circumflex (Î)
^i	Lowercase “i” with circumflex (î)
^J	Uppercase “J” with circumflex (Ĵ)
^j	Lowercase “j” with circumflex (ĵ)
^O	Uppercase “O” with circumflex (Ô)
^o	Lowercase “o” with circumflex (ô)
^S	Uppercase “S” with circumflex (Ŝ)
^s	Lowercase “s” with circumflex (ŝ)
^U	Uppercase “U” with circumflex (Û)
^u	Lowercase “u” with circumflex (û)
^W	Uppercase “W” with circumflex (Ŵ)
^w	Lowercase “w” with circumflex (ŵ)
^Y	Uppercase “Y” with circumflex (Ŷ)
^y	Lowercase “y” with circumflex (ŷ)
^Z	Uppercase “Z” with circumflex (Ẑ)
^z	Lowercase “z” with circumflex (ẑ)
`A	Uppercase “A” with grave (À)
`a	Lowercase “a” with grave (à)
`E	Uppercase “E” with grave (È)
`e	Lowercase “e” with grave (è)
`I	Uppercase “I” with grave (Ì)
`i	Lowercase “i” with grave (ì)
`K	Uppercase “K” with grave (Ḱ)
`N	Uppercase “N” with grave (Ǹ)
`n	Lowercase “n” with grave (ǹ)
`O	Uppercase “O” with grave (Ò)
`o	Lowercase “o” with grave (ò)
`U	Uppercase “U” with grave (Ù)
`u	Lowercase “u” with grave (ù)
`W	Uppercase “W” with grave (Ẁ)
`w	Lowercase “w” with grave (ẁ)
`Y	Uppercase “Y” with grave (Ỳ)
`y	Lowercase “y” with grave (ỳ)
~A	Uppercase “A” with tilde (Ã)
~a	Lowercase “a” with tilde (ã)
~I	Uppercase “I” with tilde (Ĩ)
~i	Lowercase “i” with tilde (ĩ)
~O	Uppercase “O” with tilde (Õ)
~o	Lowercase “o” with tilde (õ)
~V	Uppercase “V” with tilde (Ṽ)
~v	Lowercase “v” with tilde (ṽ)
~Y	Uppercase “Y” with tilde (Ỹ)
~y	Lowercase “y” with tilde (ỹ)
AE	Uppercase ash (Æ)
ae	Lowercase ash (æ)
aleph	Hebrew character aleph (ℵ)
backslash	Backslash
bD	Uppercase ‘D’ with bar under (Ḏ)
bd	Lowercase ‘d’ with bar under (ḏ)
beth	Hebrew character beth (ב)
cD	Uppercase ‘D’ with cedilla (Ḑ)
cd	Lowercase ‘d’ with cedilla (ḑ)
cE	Uppercase ‘E’ with cedilla (Ȩ)
ce	Lowercase ‘e’ with cedilla (ȩ)
cG	Uppercase ‘G’ with cedilla (Ģ)
cg	Lowercase ‘g’ with cedilla (ģ)
cH	Uppercase ‘H’ with cedilla (Ḩ)
ch	Lowercase ‘h’ with cedilla (ḩ)
cK	Uppercase ‘K’ with cedilla (Ķ)
ck	Lowercase ‘k’ with cedilla (ķ)
cL	Uppercase ‘L’ with cedilla (Ļ)
cl	Lowercase ‘l’ with cedilla (ļ)
cN	Uppercase ‘N’ with cedilla (Ņ)
cn	Lowercase ‘n’ with cedilla (ņ)
copyright	Copyright (©)
cR	Uppercase ‘R’ with cedilla (Ŗ)
cr	Lowercase ‘r’ with cedilla (ŗ)
cS	Uppercase ‘S’ with cedilla (Ş)
cs	Lowercase ‘s’ with cedilla (ş)
cT	Uppercase ‘T’ with cedilla (Ţ)
ct	Lowercase ‘t’ with cedilla (ţ)
dA	Uppercase ‘A’ with dot below (Ạ)
da	Lowercase ‘a’ with dot below (ạ)
dag	Daggar (†)
daleth	Hebrew character daleth (ד)
dB	Uppercase ‘B’ with dot below (Ḅ)
db	Lowercase ‘b’ with dot below (ḅ)
ddat	Double dagger (‡)
dD	Uppercase ‘D’ with dot below (Ḍ)
de	Lowercase ‘e’ with dot below (ẹ)
DH	Futhark uppercase eth (Ð)
dh	Futhark lowercase eth (ð)
dI	Uppercase ‘I’ with dot below (Ị)
di	Lowercase ‘i’ with dot below (ị)
digamma	Greek lowercase digamma (ϝ)
dK	Uppercase ‘K’ with dot below (Ḳ)
dk	Lowercase ‘k’ with dot below (ḳ)
dL	Uppercase ‘L’ with dot below (Ḷ)
dl	Lowercase ‘l’ with dot below (ḷ)
dM	Uppercase ‘M’ with dot below (Ṃ)
dm	Lowercase ‘m’ with dot below (ṃ)
dN	Uppercase ‘N’ with dot below (Ṇ)
dn	Lowercase ‘n’ with dot below (ṇ)
dO	Uppercase ‘O’ with dot below (Ọ)
do	Lowercase ‘o’ with dot below (ọ)
Downarrow	Downward arrow (⇓)
downarrow	Downward arrow (↓)
dR	Uppercase ‘R’ with dot below (Ṛ)
dr	Lowercase ‘r’ with dot below (ṛ)
dS	Uppercase ‘S’ with dot below (Ṣ)
ds	Lowercase ‘s’ with dot below (ṣ)
dT	Uppercase ‘T’ with dot below (Ṭ)
dt	Lowercase ‘t’ with dot below (ṭ)
dU	Uppercase ‘U’ with dot below (Ụ)
du	Lowercase ‘u’ with dot below (ụ)
dV	Uppercase ‘V’ with dot below (Ṿ)
dv	Lowercase ‘v’ with dot below (ṿ)
dW	Uppercase ‘W’ with dot below (Ẉ)
dw	Lowercase ‘w’ with dot below (ẉ)
dY	Uppercase ‘Y’ with dot below (Ỵ)
dy	Lowercase ‘y’ with dot below (ỵ)
dZ	Uppercase ‘Z’ with dot below (Ẓ)
dz	Lowercase ‘z’ with dot below (ẓ)
d{H}	Uppercase ‘H’ with dot below (Ḥ)
d{h}	Lowercase ‘h’ with dot below (ḥ)
gimel	Hebrew character gimel (ג)
guillemotleft	Left guillemet («)
guillemotright	Right guillemet (»)
hbar	Planck’s contant symbol (ℏ)
HO	Uppercase ‘O’ with hungarumlaut (Ő)
Ho	Lowercase ‘o’ with hungarumlaut (ő)
HU	Uppercase ‘U’ with hungarumlaut (Ű)
Hu	Lowercase ‘u’ with hungarumlaut (ű)
IJ	Uppercase ‘ij’ digraph (IJ)
ij	Lowercase ‘ij’ digraph (ij)
kA	Uppercase ‘A’ with ogonek (Ą)
ka	Lowercase ‘a’ with ogonek (ą)
kE	Uppercase ‘E’ with ogonek (Ę)
ke	Lowercase ‘e’ with ogonek (ę)
kI	Uppercase ‘I’ with ogonek (Į)
ki	Lowercase ‘i’ with ogonek (į)
kU	Uppercase ‘U’ with ogonek (Ų)
ku	Lowercase ‘u’ with ogonek (ų)
L	Uppercase ‘L’ with stroke (Ł)
Leftarrow	Left arrow (⇐)
leftarrow	Left arrow (←)
Leftrightarrow	Left, right arrow (⇔)
leftrightarrow	Left, right arrow (↔)
l	Lowercase ‘l’ with stroke (ł)
mho	mho/admittance symbol (℧)
NG	Uppercase eng (Ŋ)
ng	Lowercase eng (ŋ)
O	Uppercase ‘O’ with slash (Ø)
OE	Uppercase ligature ‘oe’ (Œ)
oe	Lowercase ligature ‘oe’ (œ)
o	Lowercase ‘o’ with slash (ø)
P	Pilcrow (¶)
pounds	Pounds (£)
Rightarrow	Right arrow (⇒)
rightarrow	Right arrow (→)
rU	Uppercase ‘U’ with ring (Ů)
ru	Lowercase ‘u’ with ring (ů)
rw	Lowercase ‘w’ with ring (ẘ)
ry	Lowercase ‘y’ with ring (ẙ)
S	Section (§)
SS	Uppercase eszett (ẞ)
ss	Lowercase eszett (ß)
textexclaimdown	Inverted exclamation point (¡)
textquestiondown	Inverted question mark (¿)
textyen	Yen (¥)
TH	Futhark uppercase thorn (Þ)
th	Futhark lowercase thorn (þ)
uA	Uppercase ‘A’ with breve (Ă)
ua	Lowercase ‘a’ with breve (ă)
uE	Uppercase ‘E’ with breve (Ĕ)
ue	Lowercase ‘e’ with breve (ĕ)
uG	Uppercase ‘G’ with breve (Ğ)
ug	Lowercase ‘g’ with breve (ğ)
uI	Uppercase ‘I’ with breve (Ĭ)
ui	Lowercase ‘i’ with breve (ĭ)
uO	Uppercase ‘O’ with breve (Ŏ)
uo	Lowercase ‘o’ with breve (ŏ)
Uparrow	Upward arrow (⇑)
uparrow	Upward arrow (↑)
Updownarrow	Up, down arrow (⇕)
updownarrow	Up, down arrow (↕)
uU	Uppercase ‘U’ with breve (Ŭ)
uu	Lowercase ‘u’ with breve (ŭ)
vC	Uppercase ‘C’ with caron (Č)
vc	Lowercase ‘c’ with caron (č)
vD	Uppercase ‘D’ with caron (Ď)
vE	Uppercase ‘E’ with caron (Ě)
ve	Lowercase ‘e’ with caron (ě)
vG	Uppercase ‘G’ with caron (Ǧ)
vg	Lowercase ‘g’ with caron (ǧ)
vH	Uppercase ‘H’ with caron (Ȟ)
vh	Lowercase ‘h’ with caron (ȟ)
vK	Uppercase ‘K’ with caron (Ǩ)
vk	Lowercase ‘k’ with caron (ǩ)
vO	Uppercase ‘O’ with caron (Ǒ)
vo	Lowercase ‘o’ with caron (ǒ)
vR	Uppercase ‘R’ with caron (Ř)
vr	Lowercase ‘r’ with caron (ř)
vS	Uppercase ‘S’ with caron (Š)
vs	Lowercase ‘s’ with caron (š)
vT	Uppercase ‘T’ with caron (Ť)
vU	Uppercase ‘U’ with caron (Ǔ)
vu	Lowercase ‘u’ with caron (ǔ)
vZ	Uppercase ‘Z’ with caron (Ž)
vz	Lowercase ‘z’ with caron (ž)

Special Value Commands

Table 53 lists all special value commands.

Table 53 Special Value Commands

Command	Description
bset	Boolean type
cset	Complex type
econst	Special value e, 2.718…
emptysetconst	Special value null set
epsilonconst	Special value machine epsilon
false	Special value ‘false’
infty	Infinity, ∞
iset	Integer type
lit	Insert a literal
mathbb{B}	Boolean type
mathbb{C}	Complex type
mathbb{R}	Real type
mathbb{Z}	Integer type
piconst	Special value pi, 3.14…
rset	Real type
true	Special value ‘true’
varnothing	Special value null set